Given the importance of financing SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED manufacturing companies in order to provide working capital AND their profitability, this study has presented a mathematical model for financing these companies by factoring method in the supply chain. Factoring is one of the most important ways to finance in the business world, especially for SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED enterprises. Therefore, considering the relationship between the enterprise AND the bank, suppliers AND buyers based on the integration of financial AND physical flows in the supply chain, this research has financed the enterprise in the above-mentioned method. In order to analyze the validity of financing methods, goals, parameters AND important variables in modeling, the perspective of experts based on the index of content validity ratio has been used. The goals of modeling are to maximize profits AND achieve the desired liquidity in time periods, AND in order to solve the model, goal programming has been used AND in order to cover uncertainty conditions, interval programming has been used. Finally, the model was solved using GAMS software AND CPLEX solver, AND the results, in addition to proposing appropriate financial AND physical flows in the supply chain, have proposed an appropriate factoring financing program to SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED manufacturing enterprises to provide the necessary liquidity in each period AND increase profitability.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understANDing of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify AND compile the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle AND SMALL cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin AND Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis AND regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling AND selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in SMALL cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people AND the high importance of social AND cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts AND urban services in people's lives AND people's less communication with each other AND the weakening of solidarity AND social connections, indicators of urban services AND facilities AND economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted AND dynamic concept that can be different from city to city AND region to region AND can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue AND considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle AND SMALL cities, in recent years. On the other hAND, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understANDing of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify AND compile effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle AND SMALL cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin AND Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate AND structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. AND then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results AND discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city AND 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the quality of life in SMALL AND middle cities. In order to present AND explain the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in SMALL AND middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method AND step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad AND (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy AND social relations, security, the state of urban services AND access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices AND housing have more effects in explaining AND improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green AND public spaces in the city, the state of security AND economic opportunities in the city, the density AND hope of urban, economic, AND cultural life, the state of roads AND leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional AND dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities AND the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life AND its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics AND characteristics with citizens with different cultures AND thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life AND its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life AND the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence AND progress of cities AND residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted AND dependent on place AND time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities AND communities about the concept of quality of life AND the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors AND indicators should be selected according to the characteristics AND conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle AND SMALL cities, which in SMALL cities due to strong social solidarity among people AND the great importance of social AND cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts AND urban services in people's lives AND people's less communication with each other AND the weakening of solidarity AND social connections, indicators of urban services AND facilities AND economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript AND agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the competitiveness AND growth of SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED sports BUSINESSES.Method: The research method was quantitative (descriptive-correlational) conducted in two phases of Delphi AND survey. The statistical population consisted of faculty members of the faculties of physical education AND management with specialization in sport entrepreneurship AND business management. In the first step, the researcher identified AND categorized by comparative study of conceptual model of exogenous factor relationships in the form of 9 main factors AND 23 items; endogenous factors in the form of 8 main factors with 48 items AND competitiveness index in 9 dimensions with 28 items in sport business level. Then a Delphi panel of 21 accredited sports business experts AND ultimately 180 sports business owners responded to the tool.Results: The results of structural equation modeling analysis showed that the effect of exogenous factors on competitiveness AND growth of BUSINESSES had more effect on endogenous factors than on endogenous factors, respectively. Generally, customer satisfaction, productivity, future capabilities, financial indices, contract growth, employee satisfaction, community satisfaction explained significantly constructs of competitiveness.Conclusion: The conceptual model of competitiveness mutual relations creates a new approach in the analysis of competitive variables AND enables managers to better understANDing the relevance of competitiveness factors AND indices to the development of an internal competitiveness measurement system for sports BUSINESSES to analyze performance AND factors of their competitiveness.

Objective: Despite the importance of the issue of green marketing challenges in SMALL AND medium BUSINESSES, little research has been done to summarize AND analyze the scattered content of this field. The purpose of this research is to analyze the challenges of green marketing in SMALL AND medium BUSINESSES.Method: The upcoming article with a qualitative approach AND using the meta-combination method, the seven-stage model of SANDelowski AND Barroso examines the issue of what challenges there are for the development of green marketing AND what are the solutions to face it. Based on this, the articles published in reliable domestic AND foreign scientific databases until 2023 were identified AND searched, then they were classified AND categorized based on the logic of open coding AND coding based on sociological structures.Findings: The findings of this study led to the identification of 68 concepts, which were categorized into 12 categories. Finally, the results of the analysis were presented in the form of an analytical model.Conclusion: Green marketing challenges in SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED enterprises are affected by the nature of activity AND activity environment at three levels: Enterprise level challenges (paradigm-informational-communication-stANDardization-innovation-marketing-functional) industry/market challenges (industry AND market balance) AND macro-environmental challenges (environmental-legal-consumers) can be divided, which play a role at a level of independent or intertwined effects. Based on the findings, the improvement of the green marketing situation in SMALL AND medium BUSINESSES depends on the cooperation AND coordination of all three levels of the company, industry/market AND macro environmental variables.

One of the main goals of using entrepreneurial coaching in SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES is staff growth AND development of the company. The purpose of this study was to identify the outcomes of applying entrepreneurial coaching in the growth AND development of SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED pharmaceutical BUSINESSES. The study was a semi-structured interview with a qualitative approach AND data collection tool. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 key coaching practitioners AND coded by content analysis method. Findings indicate that the benefits of employing entrepreneurial coaching for SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES include individual benefits such as self-awareness, knowledge AND skills, ability, self-esteem, personal development AND commitment AND responsibility AND organizational benefits such as creating new companies, improving AND developing. Products AND services are the successor to the formation of a climate of knowledge-sharing.

Objective: The objective of this research was to design a digital marketing model for sports BUSINESSES, considering the growing importance of internet marketing in the sports industry.  Methods: This study adopted a qualitative AND exploratory approach, falling under applied research in terms of purpose. The participants included marketing experts, sports management professors, AND digital marketers, selected through purposeful sampling. Data was collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews, reaching theoretical saturation after 25 interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data AND derive the research findings.  Findings: The findings of the research show a four-level conceptual model consisting of 9 components, which are: social responsibility of the university, development of university agility, creation of shared value in university communications, establishment of corporate governance in the university, internationalization of the university, commercialization of knowledge AND technology, promotion of an innovative culture, knowledge-based capacity building AND investment in research AND development AND entrepreneurial projects. Conclusion: Sustainable innovation for realizing an entrepreneurial university consists of interconnected components that facilitate economic knowledge production, dissemination, AND commercialization. Knowledge-based capacity building AND the promotion of an innovative culture play crucial roles by providing the necessary infrastructure AND support. These components empower managers AND policymakers to foster sustainable innovation, advance entrepreneurial universities, AND enhance future academic generations. a

One of the most important financial decisions is the way of financing economic enterprises, which plays a significant role in the continuation AND growth of their profitability. The ability of companies to obtain financial resources inside AND outside the company in order to invest AND implement development plans is one of the main factors in the growth of profitability of companies. Active commercial companies also need financial resources to develop the market, modernize technology, increase product quality, produce new products, AND grow their profitability. Also, investors in economic projects will need capital AND money to implement their plans. One of the most important financial decisions is the way of financing economic enterprises, which plays a significant role in the continuation AND growth of their profitability. The ability of companies to obtain financial resources inside AND outside the company in order to invest AND implement development plans is considered one of the main factors in the growth of profitability of companies. Companies often when they need new financial resources, take advantage of the company's internal resources, including accumulated profits AND reserves, or through receiving loans AND credits from banks AND financial AND credit institutions or issuing shares AND other types of debt securities. capital, they meet their needs. Therefore, this research deals with the design of the financing model for SMALL AND medium knowledge-based BUSINESSES AND examines AND discusses the theories of experts.